Clinical Studies
EMS Research and Results

"Electrical stimulation and swimming performance". Pichon F. Chatard., Martin A., Comett G. Med Sci Sport Exerc 27 (12): 1671-6, 1995.

"Maximal voluntary quadriceps strength patterns in Olympic overtrained athletes". Koutedakis Y., Frischknecht R., Vrbova G., Sharpe N.C. , Bugett R. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27 (4): 566-72, 1995.

"Effect of the frequency of neuromuscular electric stimulation of the leg on femoral arterial blood flow". Zicot M., Riguax P. J Mal Vasc 20 (1): 9-13, 1995.

"The influence of electrical stimulation training on swimming performance". Pichon F., Cometti G., Petiot S.

"Effect of electrical stimulation training on the contractile characteristics of the triceps surae muscle". Martin L., Cometti G., Pousson M., Morlon B. Eur J Appl Physiol 67 (5): 457-61, 1993.

"Electrical stimulation of quadriceps femoris in an elite weight lifter: a single subject experiment". Delitto A., Brown M., Strube M. J., Rose S.J., Lehman R.C. Int J Sports Med 10 (3): 187-91, 1989.

"The effects of eletromyostimulation training and basketball practice on muscle strength and jumping ability". Int J Sports Med 21 (6): 437-43, 2000.

"Re-examination of training effects by electrostimulation in the human elbow musculoskeletal system". Colson S., Martin A., Van Hoecke J. Int J Sports Med 21 (4): 281-8, 2000.

"Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and voluntary exercise". Hainaut K., Duchateau J., Sports Med 14 (2): 100-13, 1992.

"Activation of Human plantar flexor muscles increases after electrostimulation training". Maffiuletti N. A., Pensini M., Martin A. J Appl Physiol (in process), 2001.

"Comparison between voluntary and stimulated contractions of the quadriceps femoris for growth hormone response and muscle damage." Jubeau M, Sartorio A, Marinone PG, Agosti F, Hoecke JV, Nosaka K, Maffiuletti NA.  J Appl Physiol. 2008 Jan;104(1):75- 81. Epub 2007 Nov 1.

"Differences in cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses between voluntary and stimulated contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscle." Theurel J, Lepers R, Pardon L, Maffiuletti NA. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2007 Aug 1;157(2-3):341- 7. Epub 2006 Dec 15.

"Cross-education of muscle strength is greater with stimulated
than voluntary contractions." Hortobágyi T, Scott K, Lambert J, Hamilton G, Tracy J. Motor Control. 1999 Apr;3(2): 205-19.